Introduction:
Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme responsible for breaking down histamine, providing relief from associated symptoms. While histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMH) also contributes to histamine elimination, DAO is considered more effective.
DAO Location:
DAO is primarily found in the kidneys and thymus, with increased levels during pregnancy, especially in the placenta. Additionally, DAO is present in the small intestine, breaking down histamine from ingested foods, preventing its entry into the body.
Symptoms of Low DAO:
Insufficient DAO can lead to elevated histamine levels, resulting in histamine sensitivity, chronic inflammation, or mast cell activation syndrome. To address this, measures can be taken to reduce dietary histamine, increase DAO levels, and avoid DAO-blocking foods.
Increasing DAO Naturally:
Supplements of DAO enzymes can enhance digestive breakdown of histamine, but they do not directly raise internal DAO levels. Scientists have identified nutrients effective in naturally increasing DAO levels, including omega-3 fatty acids, saturated fats, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, and vitamin B12.
DAO-Boosting Foods:
Foods that naturally boost DAO levels and are less likely to trigger histamine response include omega-3-rich sources like olive oil, wild salmon, mackerel, and nuts; healthy saturated fats such as alpine butter, avocado, fatty fish, and pasture-raised eggs; and phosphorus-rich options like almonds, broccoli, and beans.
Avoiding DAO-Blocking Foods:
Alcohol should be avoided, as it not only releases histamine but also inhibits DAO enzymes. Alcohol-induced histamine release can exacerbate sensitivity, making the situation worse.
DAO Test:
To monitor DAO levels, a DAO Test is recommended. This blood test helps identify DAO enzyme levels, aiding in finding solutions for issues related to histamine intolerance or frequent headaches. The test requires an eight-hour fasting period and discontinuation of DAO-inhibiting medications.
Conclusion:
Understanding the relationship between histamine and DAO is crucial for managing associated health issues. Continued research will enhance knowledge about histamine and DAO, contributing to improved solutions.